Language

The Languages of Seforma c. 9500 years After the development of Agriculture (in Originalia)


Northern Lavender - Proto-Efeip Labial, velar, and uvular pulmonic consonants, but the only dental consonant is the click |, vowels e o i u and schwa; syllabic structure (C)V(V)(C), words must end in a consonant other than |, diphthongs between e and i are fine and diphthongs between o and u are fine, but no diphthongs between vowels of the same height (ie e & o and i & u); basic word order agent-patient-object-verb, primarily head-initial, grammatical gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) marked with prefixes, four levels of proximity in third-person pronoun (proximal, immediate, distal, invisible), verbs conjugate with subject suffixes, objects are marked with an infix -k(V)- placed just before the final consonant where V is the first vowel of the word, there is no numeral system; long - [iɴim], other - [|oup], ear - [əm], plantain - [ɣifibχeŋ], some - [moub]

Northern Pink - Proto-Khenmussu Aspirated consonants, no voice contrasting, significant affricates, ejective affricates and fricatives, glottal fricatives, a e i o u, nasal an on un; syllabic structure CV(N), stress never falls on a nasalised vowel; highly isolating, agent-verb-patient word order, head-final; warm - sem [ʃem], round - zzumzunn ['dʒumʒũn], year - sa [ʃa], raven- anmpiɲ [ãm'piɲ], kermes oak - khiŋun ['kʰiŋũ]

Northwestern Purple - Proto-Kiapni 19 consonants: two nasals, four stops, two affricates, three fricatives (see here), and eight clicks (dental, lateral, alveolar, and palatal, along with nasal versions of those), a e i o u, plus nasalised vowels; syllabic structure is stops undergo spirantisation between vowels; basic syllabic structure: C(C)V(V)(C), no consonant clusters of more than two consonants (affricates count as one), nasalised vowels cannot appear in diphthongs with non-nasalised vowels; agglutinating, complex tense system (many degrees of spatial and temporal displacement), inclusive/exclusive we distinction; brown - [pimtse] water - [|iesi], gift - [pkxim:eun], man - [pi], boat - [teᵑǁom]

Western Brown - Proto-Tifɯ Consonant inventory very similar to Proto-Kiapni except no nasalised clicks and no spirantisation, a e œ ə i y o ɯ u; syllabic structure CV, lexical words receive greater stress than grammatical words; moderately isolating, two sets of 3rd-person pronouns (to refer to two things at once/in relation to each other); leg - [myʔə], water - [keke], stone - [ǂy], man - [mu], cold - [mipəpe]

Proto-Dwaripje
Consonants:

Vowels:

Phonotactics: (C)V(C) syllable structure. Labialized consonants can only be succeeded by /a/ and /e/ and palatalized consonants can only be succeeded by /a/ and /e/. Non palatalized or labialized consonants can be succeeded by all three vowels. Labialized consonants that aren't bilabial can also be succeeded by /i/. Stress is almost always on the first syllable, and the first vowel in a word is always long.

Grammar: Highly polysynthetic language. High degree of incorporation and highly agglutinating. There are 3 genders/noun classes, animate, inanimate, and abstract. VSO sentence ordering. Ergative–absolutive language. Vigesimal numeral system. Verbs have three persons, two numbers (singular, plural), declarative, imperative and conditional moods, active and antipassive voices, and six tenses: present I (progressive), present II (stative), past I (aorist), past II (perfect), future I (perfective future), future II (imperfective future).



Extent of the Dwaripje languages. There are many subdivisions.



Expansion from the urheimat.

Lexicon:
 * [ˈdʷaːripʲe] - language/speech
 * [ˈdʒʷaːzi] - cow
 * [ˈtʷaːme] - boat/canoe
 * [ˈlaː] - man
 * [ˈriː] - woman
 * [ˈgʲaːni] - dog
 * [ˈbʲaːta] - horse
 * [ˈjaːkʷa] - wheat