Proto-Œkhen language

Verbs are primarily modified with particles, multiple agentive affixes related to cases (eg çy-X nominative agentive (X who is), ma-X dative agentive (to whom X), kazi-X locative agentive (where X is)); nose - honœkhar, person - duujuj, stone - gwoof, elephant - gledus, language/tongue - œkhen, head - œkhee

Vowels
Note: long vowels are indicated by doubling the vowel. Note 2: /ø/ is written œ

Consonants
Note: labialised plosives are written with a w following (ie tw, dw, kw, gw)

Phonotactics
(C)(C)V(ː)(C)

C = any consonant V = any short vowel Vː = any long vowel

Plosives, /ç/, and /h/ may not appear in a syllabic coda. No coda is allowed if the following syllable begins with a /r/

Stress normally falls on the first syllable, or the first syllable of the root word in case of added prefixes.

Noun Cases
Proto-Œkhen makes use of six cases, demonstrated below.

Noun Declension
There are four noun classes in Proto-Œkhen, Animal (including humans), Spiritual (including ideas and natural forces) Vegetal (including foods), and Mineral (including most inanimate objects).

The vowels in brackets are only added if the root ends in a consonant.

Number
In the Animal and Spiritual classes, the plural is marked by reduplicating the final vowel and placing an l between the new vowel and the original, if the root's final vowel is its final letter. The dual is marked similarly, but with a k in stead of an l. Number is not marked in the Vegetal and Mineral classes.

Verbs
The vast majority of verbs end in a short rounded vowel (ie y, œ, o, or u). Proto-Œkhen verbs are primarily modified by particles, which are ultimately totally optional. The only required verbal inflection in Proto-Œkhen is for verbs of motion.

The vowels added in eintrefall, ausfall, and unterfall are determined with the table below.